Optical density effects in photon echo experiments

The effects of optical density (OD) on photon echo experiments is examined both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical treatment involves coupled Maxwell-Optical Bloch equations, and the experiments are picosecond photon echo studies of the mixed molecular crystal, pentacene in naphthalene. Under high power excitation (π/2, π) in high OD samples, the echo decays are predicted and observed to be faster than decays arising solely from the intrinsic molecular T2. The increase in the echo decay rate vanishes in the limit of low power or low OD, permitting the intrinsic molecular T2 to be measured. Previously reported concentration effects are shown to actually be optical density effects. The experimentally determined intrinsic molecular T2 of pentacene in naphthalene is shown to be independent of concentration and temperature (below ∼2 K) and T2≠2T1. It is suggested that the difference between T2 and 2T1 is due to the static multiplet level structure arising from the electronic state-phonon coupling.