Chemiluminescence spectra and photon yields for several Sn–oxidizer reactions

Tin vapor has been reacted with N2O, NO2, O2, and F2 to produce SnO and SnF in a flame. Reactions of Sn with O2 and NO2 produced very weak chemiluminescence, whereas Sn+Br2 and Cl2 produced no detectable light emission. The highest photon yield measured was 6.7% for SnO emission that resulted from the reaction of Sn+N2O in Ar at a Sn concentration of 3×1013/cm3. The maximum SnF yield measured was 0.3% for Sn+F2. The spectral character of the SnO chemiluminescence generated in the Sn+N2O reaction was found to be a strong function of pressure (0.5–25 Torr) and carrier gas identity (Ar, He, N2) in the flow-tube reaction system. Extension of the SnO a–X system yielded the following constants (all in cm−1): a3Σ+(1): Te=20622.6±2.5, ωe=554.0±1.7, ωexe=2.45±0.36 and X1Σ: ωe=823.40±0.99, ωexe=3.77±0.10.