Improved stability for piezoelectric crystals grown in the lead indium niobate-lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate system

Higher coercive fields ( E C ) and depoling temperatures ( T R ∕ T ) were obtained for crystals in the Pb ( In 1 ∕ 2 Nb 1 ∕ 2 ) O 3 - Pb ( Mg 1 ∕ 3 Nb 2 ∕ 3 ) O 3 - Pb Ti O 3 (PIN-PMN-PT) ternary system. Data are given for a crystal boule with starting composition 0.24PIN-0.44PMN-0.32PT, and with chemical distributions along the growth direction. The dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic properties were determined. Similar to binary PMN-PT, ternary PIN-PMN-PT crystals have outstanding piezoelectric properties (e.g., d 33 ∼ 900 - 1900 pm ∕ V , k 33 ∼ 0.83 - 0.92 ). In addition, PIN stabilizes piezoelectric performance by doubling E C ( ∼ 6 kV ∕ cm ) and increasing T R ∕ T by ∼ 20 ° C . These improvements are advantageous for acoustic transducers used in high-drive applications.