Identification of a Pb-related Ti3+ center in flux-grown KTiOPO4
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) have been used to identify a new Ti3+ center in KTiOPO4 crystals containing lead impurities. Many of the K+ vacancies in this set of KTP crystals are compensated nonlocally by Pb2+ ions substituting for K+ ions. Duri...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied physics 2000-12, Vol.88 (11), p.6239-6244 |
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Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) have been used to identify a new Ti3+ center in KTiOPO4 crystals containing lead impurities. Many of the K+ vacancies in this set of KTP crystals are compensated nonlocally by Pb2+ ions substituting for K+ ions. During exposure to ionizing radiation (either 60 kV x rays or 355 nm photons from a tripled Nd:YAG laser), “free” electrons are trapped on Ti4+ ions near isolated Pb2+ ions, thus forming the perturbed Ti3+ ions observed with EPR and ENDOR. Four distinct Pb-related Ti3+ centers are formed by a 77 K irradiation, but only one remains after a 5 min anneal at 180 K. This latter defect, labeled the [Ti3+–Pb2+]A center, is thermally unstable above 250 K. Angular dependence data were used to determine the g matrix, one Pb207 hyperfine matrix, and two P31 hyperfine matrices for the [Ti3+–Pb2+]A center. More generally, we note that oxygen-vacancy-associated Ti3+ centers could not be formed in these Pb-containing KTP crystals. Replacing oxygen-vacancy-associated Ti3+ centers with the less stable [Ti3+–Pb2+] centers is expected to increase the gray-track resistance of KTP crystals used to generate the second harmonic of high power, near-infrared lasers. |
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ISSN: | 0021-8979 1089-7550 |
DOI: | 10.1063/1.1315624 |