Assessment of Hemodynamics in Hemodialysis Shunts: From Catheter Probe to Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract This article reviews the different types of modalities that can assess the hemodynamics in hemodialysis shunts. Discussion focuses on indicator and thermal dilution methods, measurement of pressure and gradients, magnetic resonance flow measurements, and intervascular Doppler flow mapping techniques. Each specific technique is discussed with concentration on the technique, results, and usefulness of the modality.