Urinary excretion of IgG and [alpha ]1-microglobulin predicts clinical course better than extent of proteinuria in membranous nephropathy

In idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN), the main predictors for progression to chronic renal failure (CRF) are the amount of proteinuria and extent of tubulointerstitial damage. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether urinary excretion of proteins reflecting the alteration of permselectivity in the glomerular capillary wall, such as immunoglobulin G (IgG), and the reabsorption impairment of low-molecular-weight proteins, such as [alpha ]1-microglobulin ([alpha ]1m), correlates with the extent of tubulointerstitial damage and have a predictive value for functional outcome and response to therapy better than 24-hour proteinuria. In 78 patients with MN, urinary excretion of albumin, transferrin, IgG, and [alpha ]1m was measured by immunonephelometry in second-morning urine samples and expressed in milligrams per gram of urinary creatinine (uCr). In 48 patients with characterization of proteinuria and renal biopsy performed at the same time, excretion of IgG (P [equals] 0.0087) and [alpha ]1m (P [equals] 0.0024), but not albumin (P [equals] 0.37), transferrin (P [equals] 0.38), or 24-hour proteinuria (P [equals] 0.32), was associated significantly with the extent of tubulointerstitial damage (score, 0 to 1 versus [ge ]2). Only [alpha ]1m excretion was associated significantly with global glomerular sclerosis (P [equals] 0.0032) and arteriolar hyalinosis (P [equals] 0.0004). Moreover, urinary excretion of [alpha ]1m was significantly dependent on IgG excretion (r [equals] 0.67; P [equals] 0.0001), but not on albumin (P [equals] 0.66) or 24-hour proteinuria (P [equals] 0.07). Functional outcome could be evaluated in 38 patients with nephrotic syndrome and baseline normal renal function (serum creatinine, 0.99 [plusmn] 0.20 mg/dL; follow-up, 44 [plusmn] 22 months). Remission was 100% versus 20% in patients with IgG excretion less than 110 mg/g uCr versus 110 mg/g uCr or greater (P [equals] 0.0001) and 77% versus 17% in patients with [alpha ]1m excretion less than 33.5 mg/g uCr versus 33.5 mg/g uCr or greater (P [equals] 0.0009), respectively. In patients with IgG and [alpha ]1m excretion less than or greater than the cutoff value, progression to CRF was 0% versus 35% (P [equals] 0.0026) and 0% versus 58% (P [equals] 0.0001), respectively. Nineteen patients treated with immunosuppressive therapy were compared with 19 untreated patients. There was no difference in remission or progression between treated and untreated patients when IgG and [alpha ]1m excret