Astronomical CH 3 + rovibrational assignments: A combined theoretical and experimental study validating observational findings in the d203-506 UV-irradiated protoplanetary disk

Context. The methyl cation (CH 3 + ) has recently been discovered in the interstellar medium through the detection of 7 μm (1400 cm −1 ) features toward the d203-506 protoplanetary disk by the JWST. Line-by-line spectroscopic assignments of these features, however, were unsuccessful due to complex intramolecular perturbations preventing a determination of the excitation and abundance of the species in that source. Aims. Comprehensive rovibrational assignments guided by theoretical and experimental laboratory techniques provide insight into the excitation mechanisms and chemistry of CH 3 + in d203-506. Methods. The rovibrational structure of CH 3 + was studied theoretically by a combination of coupled-cluster electronic structure theory and (quasi-)variational nuclear motion calculations. Two experimental techniques were used to confirm the rovibrational structure of CH 3 + :(1) infrared leak-out spectroscopy of the methyl cation, and (2) rotationally resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of the methyl radical (CH 3 ). In (1), CH 3 + ions, produced by the electron impact dissociative ionization of methane, were injected into a 22-pole ion trap where they were probed by the pulses of infrared radiation from the FELIX free electron laser. In (2), neutral CH 3 , produced by CH 3 NO 2 pyrolysis in a molecular beam, was probed by pulsed-field ionization zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectroscopy. Results. The quantum chemical calculations performed in this study have enabled a comprehensive spectroscopic assignment of the v 2 + and v 4 + bands of CH 3 + detected by the JWST. The resulting spectroscopic constants and derived Einstein A coefficients fully reproduce both the infrared and photoelectron spectra and permit the rotational temperature of CH 3 + ( T = 660 ± 80 K) in d203-506 to be derived. A beam-averaged column density of CH 3 + in this protoplanetary disk is also estimated.