Chromospheric activity of nearby Sun-like stars: R ′ HK index signature of a recent burst of star formation

Context. The chromospheric emission in the cores of the Ca II H & K lines of late-type dwarfs is a well known indicator of magnetic activity that decreases with increasing stellar age. Aims. I use this indicator to investigate the formation history of nearby G- and early K-type stars with origins at galactocentric distances similar to that of the region where the Sun was born. Methods. A parent sample of single main-sequence stars with near-solar metallicity and known magnetic activity levels is built from catalogues of stellar atmospheric parameters and chromospheric activity indices. A kinematical approach uses Gaia astrometric data to differentiate thin disc stars from thick disc stars. Measured distributions of R ′ HK chromospheric activity indices are compared with Monte Carlo simulations based on an empirical model of chromospheric activity evolution. Results. The thin disc includes a significant fraction of Sun-like stars with intermediate activity levels (2 × 10 −5 ≤ R ′ HK ≤ 6 × 10 −5 ), while most early K- and G-type stars from the thick disc are inactive ( R ′ HK < 2 × 10 −5 ). The chromospheric activity distribution among nearby Sun-like dwarfs from the thin disc can be explained by a combination of an old (>6–7 Gyr) star formation event (or events) and a more recent (