RLAN: range-free localisation based on anisotropy of nodes for WSNs

Node localisation for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is applied in various fields, and is an indispensable core to promote the development of WSNs. Since the previous localisation algorithms did not fully utilise the anisotropy of nodes, according to the actual radiation model of the node's communication, a novel range-free localisation algorithm called range-free localisation based on the anisotropy of nodes (RLAN) is proposed. RLAN not only uses the information of multi-hop neighbours, but also considers fully the anisotropy of nodes in real networks, which influences the hop relationship and average hop distance, so as to improve the accuracy of node localisation. The simulation results demonstrate that RLAN has better localisation accuracy than other range-free node localisation algorithms. When the nodes are relatively uniformly deployed in the localisation area, the normalised localisation average error using RLAN can be