A review on perovskite-based nanocrystals as potential electrochemiluminescence emitters: challenges and future opportunities

Halide perovskites have emerged as a promising new generation of a highly luminescent and rapidly developing class of materials with applications in several fields of optoelectronics, lasers, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and photovoltaics. Although electrochemiluminescence (ECL) research started in 1964 and many organic, inorganic, nanostructured semiconductors, quantum dots, etc. , have been used as luminophores, only perovskite-based semiconductor nanocrystals (PeNCs) have been utilised as luminophores since 2016; this is because of the stability limitation of PeNCs in both aqueous and non-aqueous media. This relative infancy in research can be overcome by tactical planning with the aid of a comprehensive review. Halide perovskites are intriguing materials because they are crystalline semiconductors that can be synthesised at ambient temperatures. In this review, we introduce ECL and its reaction mechanism in halide perovskites, where the rational design of a synthetic methodology for perovskites plays a significant role in producing ECL. Finally, we summarise the ECL applications of halide perovskites and address future perspectives for improving the stability of ECL and its usefulness in bioanalytical and LED device-based applications. Extensive synthetic strategies and manipulation of perovskite-based nanocrystals not only improve the inherent optical and electrical properties but also stabilize them to enhance ECL efficiency and be used as a potential ECL luminophore material.