Cerium oxide-modified Pd nanosheets encapsulated by red blood cell membranes for high-efficiency RONS scavenging in depression treatment

Depression, a common and high-morbidity mental illness, can cause severe physical and psychiatric disorder. Recently, elevated levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) have been recognized as a potential pathogenesis of depression. Unfortunately, available therapies provide limited outcomes in treating RONS-related depression symptoms. In addition, the low blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration efficiency of some drugs is another major barrier to depression treatment. This study developed cerium oxide-modified Pd (Pd-CeO 2 ) nanosheets with outstanding antioxidant activities for depression therapy. Under physiological conditions, Pd-CeO 2 exhibited significant O 2 &z.rad; − and H 2 O 2 clearance through their superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Meanwhile, Pd-CeO 2 also displayed the ability to scavenge &z.rad;OH and reactive nitrogen radicals (RNS). What's more, when incorporated with biocompatible red blood cell (RBC) membranes, Pd-CeO 2 @RBC could overcome the BBB and protect brain tissues from oxidative damage caused by RONS. As a result, Pd-CeO 2 @RBC therapy reduced the proliferation of microglia and astrocytes and alleviated neuroinflammation and depression-like behaviors. This research not only provides a novel strategy for the effective treatment of depression, but also paves the way for new therapeutic options of nanozymes in neurological disorders. Pd-CeO 2 @RBC nanozymes with outstanding antioxidative activities have been developed to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced depression symptoms by scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS).