Development of medical masks: performance, properties, and prospects

The resurgence of masks due to the COVID-19 pandemic underscores their essential role as a simple yet crucial innovation. The evolution of masks mirrors the dynamic shifts in societal demands over time. Through a comprehensive examination of textile materials employed in medical contexts, this review highlights the enduring significance of filtering and antibacterial attributes of masks since their inception. As living standards advance, there is an escalating emphasis on the breathability of masks. Furthermore, this paper delves into the prospective significance and potential challenges associated with the development of comfortable, biocompatible, self-cleaning masks in the future. Different technologies, including mask detection systems, and advanced materials have been proposed in the framework of a multidisciplinary context. The multifaceted journey of masks encapsulates their pivotal role in safeguarding public health and underscores the ongoing pursuit of improved performance and user comfort. We have highlighted the enduring significance and evolving demands of masks, focusing on their filtration and antibacterial properties and emphasizing future innovations for enhanced comfort and functionality.