Exploitation of Sb P-doped C 3 N 4 and peroxidase immobilized on epoxidized linseed oil films for pollutant removal

We utilized the combination of heterogeneous photocatalysis with soybean peroxidase (SBP) to allow the degradation of refractory pollutants. A self-standing system was developed via UV-curing by dispersing Sb P-doped C 3 N 4 and SBP onto a bio-based film composed of epoxidized linseed oil. Peroxidase enzymes are activated by hydrogen peroxide that, in our system, is provided via coupling with a photocatalyst; specifically, the remarkable capability of atomically dispersed antimony P-doped carbon nitride in the hydrogen peroxide production was leveraged to create this hybrid material, establishing a self-sustaining system with limited use of reactants. 2,4-Dichlorophenol (DCP) was used as a target molecule to assess the degradative performances of the so-produced films, considering two scenarios: (a) films containing Sb P-doped C 3 N 4 only and (b) films holding a layer of the photocatalyst and a layer of SBP. The multilayer film is the most efficient, with a fourfold increase in the kinetic constants compared to the film with the catalyst only. Experiments were also extended to a mixture of imidacloprid, DCP, diclofenac and bisphenol A in actual water, where the overall degradation efficiency remains high, and the multilayer film is reaffirmed as the most effective.