Research progress in fluorinated carbon sources and the discharge mechanism for Li/CF x primary batteries

As some of the most promising and attractive candidates for development in primary batteries, lithium/fluorinated carbon (Li/CF x ) primary batteries are still receiving extensive attention; in particular, the study of CF x cathodes, which directly affect the energy density and power density of batteries, has made great progress in recent years with the discovery of new carbon sources and advances in fluorination technology. This work summarizes the progress in research on the crystal structure, electrochemical properties and the discharge mechanism embedded in the crystal structure of CF x materials derived from new carbon sources; the discharge mechanisms of CF x materials in different models that have been proposed are discussed and compared around the key scientific issues such as the kinetics of the CF x discharge process and the law of lithiation, which will serve as an inspiration for further development of new fluorinated carbon materials with high energy density and high power density.