Recent advances of biomass derived carbon-based materials for efficient electrochemical energy devices

Climate change is a global problem faced by humans, and there is an energy revolution to realize a "break-even" of CO 2 emissions. It is necessary to construct novel energy devices by utilizing renewable energy to replace fossil energy sources. Exploration of efficient and cheap electrode materials is a prerequisite to develop energy devices. Carbon materials exhibit various structures and excellent conductivity, and have been considered as the main electrode materials. Biomass as an effective resource for preparing functional carbon materials has made great progress in the past few decades. In this review, several biomass structures and carbon structures are first introduced. Then, the synthetic strategies of biomass-derived carbon materials and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized. Furthermore, the effects of morphology and structure of carbon materials on electrocatalytic performance, as well as their development and application in energy devices are introduced. Finally, the future development and challenges of biomass-derived carbon materials are presented. This provides guidance for the further rational design of biomass-derived carbon-based materials for electrochemical energy devices. The synthetic strategies, structural characteristics and applications of energy devices have been systematically summarized, and the corresponding future development and challenges are proposed.