Maternal VD 3 supplementation during gestation improves intestinal health and microbial composition of weaning piglets

Vitamin D (VD ) has been reported to improve the reproductive performance of sows. This study was conducted to investigate the long-term effect of maternal VD supplementation during gestation on the intestinal health of piglets. Twenty-three Landrace × Yorkshire gilts were randomly allocated into two groups to receive one of the following two diets during gestation: basal diet (CON group, 800 IU VD per kg diet, = 12) and VD supplemented diet (VD group, 2000 IU VD per kg diet, = 11). All sows were then fed with the same diet during lactation. Results showed that maternal VD supplementation during lactation tended to decrease ( = 0.08) the body weight loss of sows during lactation compared to the CON group. Besides, the relative length and weight of the small intestine (SI) and the villus height of the duodenum and ileum in weaning piglets were much higher ( < 0.05) in the VD group than those in the CON group, though their body weight was not changed. Meanwhile, maternal VD supplementation significantly upregulated the expression levels of , , , and in the duodenum ( < 0.05), and increased the expression levels of , , , , , , , and ( < 0.05) in the jejunum of suckling piglets compared with the CON group. Besides, the concentration of SigA in the jejunum of suckling piglets was higher ( < 0.05) in the VD group than that in the CON group. In addition, maternal VD supplementation significantly increased the contents of short chain fatty acids and the relative abundance of and ( < 0.05) in the feces of weaning piglets compared to the CON group. Moreover, the relative abundance of in the feces of weaning piglets tended to be higher ( = 0.05), while that of was lower ( < 0.05) in the VD group than those in the CON group. Taken together, maternal VD supplementation during gestation could improve the intestinal function and microbiota in suckling piglets.