Recent advances in metal/covalent organic framework-based electrochemical aptasensors for biosensing applications

The booming development of novel porous materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) has been attracting a lot of attention due to their designabilities, diversities, and extensive applications. MOFs and COFs provide a new potential opportunity and platform to fabricate electrochemical aptasensors for biosensing applications. Compared to other traditional materials, MOF/COF-based electrochemical biosensors can appreciably amplify the electrochemical response signals to improve the sensing performance. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of MOF/COF-based electrochemical aptasensors for monitoring different ultra-trace analytes ( e.g. antibiotics, pesticides, and cancer markers). This review systematically discusses the classification of electrochemical aptasensors based on various functional materials, including pure MOFs, MOF/conductive composites, metal nanoparticle/MOF composites, pure COFs, COFs/conductive composites, and other hybrid materials. Furthermore, some typical MOF/COF-based electrochemical aptasensors in the recognition of specific targets are described in detail to improve and guide further research for biosensing applications. This review provides recent studies on the development of metal/covalent organic framework-based electrochemical aptasensors for biosensing applications.