Doped graphene: synthesis, properties and bioanalysis

Graphene has attracted an enormous amount of interest because of its excellent properties. The relatively versatile possibilities in the doping of graphene sheets afford them with tuneable electronic properties, and provide a simple but efficient approach in tuning their catalytic activity at an atomic level. Recently, a lot of efforts have been carried out to further tailor the electronic and catalytic properties of graphene by doping, realizing the precise structure control and superior characteristics of graphene, which also broadens their applications in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. In this review, the synthesis methods developed during the last decade for the fabrication of doped graphene with excellent properties are summarized. Moreover, as a rising and brilliant research direction, the bioanalysis applications based on doped graphene also were demonstrated. We discuss early advances in the preparation of doped graphene and its unique properties as well as its applications in bioanalysis.