Green approaches to late-stage fluorination: radiosyntheses of 18 F-labelled radiopharmaceuticals in ethanol and water

Green strategies for late-stage fluorination with 18 F, in which ethanol and water are the only solvents used throughout the entire radiolabeling process (azeotropic drying, nucleophilic fluorination, purification and formulation), have been developed and applied to the radiosyntheses of a range of radiopharmaceuticals commonly employed in clinical PET imaging.