Discovery of 1-{2-[(1S)-(3-Dimethylamino-propionyl)amino-2-methylpropyl]-4-methyl-phenyl}-4-[(2R)-methyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-propionyl]piperazine as an Orally Active Antagonist of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor for the Potential Treatment of Cachexia

A potent and selective antagonist of the melanocortin-4 receptor, 1-{2-[(1S)-(3-dimethylaminopropionyl)amino-2-methylpropyl]-6-methylphenyl}-4-[(2R)-methyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)propionyl]piperazine (10d), was identified from a series piperazinebenzylamine attached with a N,N-dimethyl-β-alanine side chain. This compound possessed high water solubility and exhibited good metabolic profiles. In animals, 10d showed moderate to good oral bioavailability and promoted food intake in tumor-bearing mice after oral administration.