Identification of a Novel Cardenolide (2‘ ‘-Oxovoruscharin) from Calotropis p rocera and the Hemisynthesis of Novel Derivatives Displaying Potent in Vitro Antitumor Activities and High in Vivo Tolerance:  Structure−Activity Relationship Analyses

Analysis of the methanolic extract of Calotropis procera root barks enabled the identification of a novel cardenolide (2‘ ‘-oxovoruscharin) to be made. Of the 27 compounds that we hemisynthesized, one (23) exhibited a very interesting profile with respect to its hemisynthetic chemical yield, its in vitro antitumor activity, its in vitro inhibitory influence on the Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and its in vivo tolerance. Compound 23 displayed in vitro antitumor activity on a panel of 57 human cancer cell lines similar to taxol, and higher than SN-38 (the active metabolite of irinotecan), two of the most potent drugs used in hospitals to combat cancer.