Evaluation of Adsorption Characteristics of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Modified by a Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimer in Single and Multiple Dye Solutions: Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics

This research investigates the isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption of two direct dyes in single and multiple dye solutions onto the modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes using poly(propylene imine) dendrimer (CNT-Den). The surface morphology and functional groups of the prepared CNT-Den were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, respectively. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin isotherms were studied, and the results indicated that the data followed the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic studies revealed that the pseudo-second order model was best fitted to our results rather than pseudo-first and intraparticle diffusion model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. The overall results illustrated that CNT-Den can be effectively used as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes from colored wastewaters especially textile effluents.