Analysis of Kinetics and Reaction Pathways in the Aqueous-Phase Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid To Form γ‑Valerolactone over Ru/C
Reaction pathways and kinetics governing the Ru-catalyzed hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) in the aqueous phase to form γ-valerolactone (GVL) were considered in a packed bed reactor. GVL can be produced by two distinct hydrogenation pathways; however, over Ru/C at temperatures below 423 K, it fo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | ACS catalysis 2014-04, Vol.4 (4), p.1171-1181 |
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
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| Zusammenfassung: | Reaction pathways and kinetics governing the Ru-catalyzed hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) in the aqueous phase to form γ-valerolactone (GVL) were considered in a packed bed reactor. GVL can be produced by two distinct hydrogenation pathways; however, over Ru/C at temperatures below 423 K, it forms exclusively via intramolecular esterification of 4-hydroxypentanoic acid (HPA). Over Ru/C, reasonable hydrogenation rates of LA to HPA were observed at near-ambient temperatures (e.g., 0.08 s–1 at 323 K), but GVL selectivities are poor ( |
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| ISSN: | 2155-5435 2155-5435 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/cs401177p |