Fully Scalable and Stable CsPbI 2 Br Solar Cells Realized by an All-Spray-Coating Process

Spray-coating is a scalable and time-efficient technique for the development of large-area metal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cells. However, a bottleneck still exists toward the development of fully scalable - - -type MHP solar cells particularly on spray-coating the hole transporting layer (HTL). Here, we present a reliable strategy of spray-coating the HTL by using MoO nanoparticles with small amounts of poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) binders to ensure uniform coverage and efficient charge extraction. By spray-coating all layers except the Au electrode, we achieve high and scalable efficiencies of 14.26 and 13.88% for CsPbI Br unit cells (0.12 cm ) and submodules (25 cm ), respectively. We then extend toward an all-spray-coating process by spray-coating carbon black as the top counter electrode, resulting in a submodule efficiency of 10.08%. Finally, we also demonstrate good long-term stability of the submodules under damp heat conditions (85 °C/85% relative humidity) over 1000 h.