Neutral-Colored Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells with Aperture Ratios Controlled via Laser Patterning

Aesthetics is just as important as efficiency when it comes to designing solar cells for building-integrated photovoltaic applications such as solar windows, thus recently instigating a great interest in the development of neutral-colored semitransparent solar cells. Organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) are of particular interest due to their unique properties as solar cell materials. Here, we demonstrate a laser patterning process of the OIHP film to control aperture ratios, which in turn can produce a neutral color for view. Through careful aperture control and by using indium tin oxide as the top electrode, we are able to fabricate neutral-colored semitransparent OIHP solar cells with high efficiency. Furthermore, we show that the involvement of a LiF interlayer at the OIHP and electron transporting layer interface is necessary, since the LiF interlayer plays a bifunctional role of interface passivation and current flow rectification, in order to more closely simulate an ideal diode. As a result, we successfully demonstrate a high efficiency of 12.83% for a 2.00 cm2 area and 9.30% for a 36.00 cm2 area, while achieving an average visible range transmittance of 21.74%.