Dialkylamines Driven Two-Step Recovery of NiO x /ITO Substrates for High-Reproducibility Recycling of Perovskite Solar Cells

Because of the toxicity of water-soluble lead, the recycling of organic–inorganic lead-halides perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has attracted increasing attention. Here, we report a highly reliable two-step process to recycle cost-dominated indium–tin-oxide (ITO) substrates coated with NiO x and regenerate their based PSCs by function of dialkylamines. The champion recycled PSC can achieve 20% in conversion-efficiency, higher than 17.92% of the fresh one. Strikingly, the regenerated devices can remain superior to the fresh ones in the first 7 of 10 recycles. The comprehensive X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy analysis reveals that dipropylamine has a suitable interaction with NiO x surfaces by Ni–N coordination, enabling its effective interfacial passivation and template effect of high-quality growth of perovskites. That leads to the suppressed nonradiative recombination of both interfacial and bulk, and finally improves the device performances. The dialkylamines driven two-step recycling process offers a promising and highly reproducible strategy to recycle PSCs, especially the cost-dominated NiO x /ITO substrates.