Nucleation and Diffusion-Controlled Growth of FeNi Permalloy Nanoparticles in a Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Choline Chloride: Kinetic Behavior and Magnetic Property

This work presents the electrochemical nucleation and characterization of FeNi permalloy nanoparticles from a deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride. FeNi nanoparticles were obtained by a single-potentiostatic-step from the mixture of Fe­(III) and Ni­(II) ions dissolved in the deep eutectic solvent. The experimental evidence for the formation of the alloy nanoparticles was verified by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (element mapping), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These permalloy nanoparticles have shown outstanding magnetic properties, which are better than those of their individual components (Fe and Ni) obtained in the same eutectic solvent. The enhancement in magnetic properties of the obtained alloy was explained by theoretical studies using molecular dynamic simulations and hysteresis modeling. The origin of this enhancement is due to the presence of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy, which shows the minimum value along the ([001]) magnetic easy direction in the permalloy.