Study on Oxidative Condensation of Toluene and Hydrazine/Aniline Catalyzed by Copper Complex Immobilized on Functionalized Graphene Oxide

The graphene oxide–imidazolium ionic liquid–CO2H–Cu (GO-IL-CO2H-Cu) catalyst has been successfully synthesized in the present research, and its catalytic activity was studied in a direct oxidative condensation reaction. Also graphene oxide–imidazolium ionic liquid–Cu (GO-IL-Cu), MCM-41–imidazolium ionic liquid–Cu (MCM-41-IL-Cu), MCM-41–imidazolium ionic liquid–CO2H–Cu (MCM-41-IL-CO2H-Cu), chitosan–imidazolium ionic liquid–CO2H–Cu (Chit-IL-CO2H-Cu), and graphitic carbon nitride–imidazolium ionic liquid–CO2H–Cu (g-C3N4-IL-CO2H-Cu) solid substrates were synthesized and used in the oxidative condensation reaction. Obtained results indicated that GO-IL-CO2H-Cu has higher catalytic activity than the other substrates and could be used more than five times without noticeable loss of its catalytic activity. The chemical structure and morphology of synthesized GO-IL-CO2H-Cu were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).