Direct Visualization of Quasi-Liquid Layers on Ice Crystal Surfaces Induced by Hydrogen Chloride Gas

Surface melting of ice crystals forms quasi-liquid layers (QLLs) on ice surfaces, and affects a wide variety of natural phenomena. Since QLLs enhance various chemical reactions in ice clouds, the formation of QLLs by atmospheric gases has been studied intensively. However, such studies were performe...

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Veröffentlicht in:Crystal growth & design 2016-04, Vol.16 (4), p.2225-2230
Hauptverfasser: Nagashima, Ken, Sazaki, Gen, Hama, Tetsuya, Asakawa, Harutoshi, Murata, Ken-ichiro, Furukawa, Yoshinori
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container_end_page 2230
container_issue 4
container_start_page 2225
container_title Crystal growth & design
container_volume 16
creator Nagashima, Ken
Sazaki, Gen
Hama, Tetsuya
Asakawa, Harutoshi
Murata, Ken-ichiro
Furukawa, Yoshinori
description Surface melting of ice crystals forms quasi-liquid layers (QLLs) on ice surfaces, and affects a wide variety of natural phenomena. Since QLLs enhance various chemical reactions in ice clouds, the formation of QLLs by atmospheric gases has been studied intensively. However, such studies were performed using spectroscopy techniques, which have low spatial resolution. Here we show the first direct visualization of QLLs on ice basal faces in the presence of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas (model atmospheric gas) by advanced optical microscopy, which can visualize individual 0.37 nm-thick elementary steps on ice crystal surfaces. We found that the HCl gas induced the appearances of QLLs with a droplet shape in the temperature range from −15.0 to −1.5 °C, where no QLL appears in the absence of HCl gas. This result indicates that HCl gas adsorbed on ice crystal surfaces probably changed the surface structure of ice crystals and then induced the subsequent melting of ice surfaces. We also observed the movement, shape change, and splitting of the droplet QLLs when water vapor was undersaturated. The long-term (1 h) existence of the droplet QLLs under the undersaturated conditions strongly suggests that the droplet QLLs were thermodynamically stable HCl solutions.
doi_str_mv 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00044
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