Surface characterization

This applications review, which is limited to English-language journals or easily available translations and categorizes the information according to the substrates on which the surface (gas-solid interface) forms, covers various spectroscopic, microscopic, and other methods for studying the surfaces of metals (alkali metals, light metals, chromium, iron, cobalt, and nickel, and refractory, precious, and other metals); semiconductors; metal oxides; other metal compounds; minerals; glasses, ceramics, graphite, and chalcogenides; catalysts; and organic compounds and polymers.