Lactofen Increases Glyphosate-Stimulated Shikimate Production in Little Mallow (Malva parviflora)

Low rates of diphenylether herbicides were previously shown to increase efficacy of glyphosate. Experiments were conducted to determine effect of lactofen on uptake of glyphosate and movement into tissues distal from the treatment area as measured by shikimate accumulation. As expected, glyphosate caused shikimate to accumulate, and sublethal rates of lactofen increased this effect. Cuticle abrasion had no effect on activity of glyphosate, alone or with lactofen, suggesting that the influence of lactofen was not in aiding penetration into the leaf.