A robust ECC-based authentication framework for energy internet (EI)-based vehicle to grid communication system

The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the smart grid system through Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology enables bi-directional power delivery, allowing EVs to distribute excess electricity to the grid and recharge as needed. However, V2G networks face significant security and privacy challenges due to the involvement of large amounts of data and untrusted entities. To address these challenges, we propose a new authentication protocol based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) that enables secure communication between EVs and charging stations in V2G networks. The proposed plan functions by going through four primary phases, which are: 1) Initialization, 2) Registration, 3) Authentication and 4) password change, vehicle revoke and new joining. Our protocol aims to maintain secure connections while minimizing computation and communication costs through the use of lightweight cryptographic operations such as one-way hash functions, concatenation, and bitwise Xor operations. We validated the security of our protocol through both informal and formal security analyses, including verification with the Scyther Verification tool, which confirms that the proposed protocol is free from security threats within bounds. Our ECC-based authentication protocol for V2G is more secure and lightweight compared to other related protocols in the same context. Our contributions are: 1) A new ECC-based authentication framework for energy Internet (EI)-based V2G communication systems, and 2) The use of lightweight cryptographic operations to reduce computational expenditure and improve resource utilization. Overall, our proposed protocol provides a robust and secure framework for V2G communication that can address the significant security and privacy challenges facing V2G networks.