Intelligent design and seawater mixing performance of new synchronous grouting materials in a pure-solid-waste framework

Solid waste, as a reliable raw material substitute for synchronous grouting materials in shield tunneling, addresses the issue of recycling traditional waste. Additionally, geopolymer slurries utilizing waste exhibit excellent physical and chemical properties, meeting requirements for the stability and long-term performance of synchronous grouting materials. In this study, an environmentally friendly polymer grouting material based on pure solid waste was developed using sunflower stalk ash, blast furnace slag, and fly ash as raw materials. By varying the proportions of binder materials and quantity of seawater introduced, we systematically analyzed the applicability of grouting materials and reliability of seawater as a mixing medium in a comprehensive solid waste framework. We utilized an artificial intelligence integrated algorithm to predict the compressive strengths of cementitious materials with different ratios through forward performance prediction. The proportions were then inverted using a simulated annealing algorithm according to the strength required for actual engineering applications. The results demonstrated that under the dual effects of sunflower stalk ash alkalinity and seawater composite salts, more active Si and Al ions were released during the hydration process. The solid waste filling and accelerating effects of composite salt hydration can effectively improve the pore structure, resulting in a significant increase in early compressive strength. The artificial intelligence ensemble algorithm proved to be an effective model for predicting compressive strength and the simulated annealing algorithm successfully determined the optimal ratios for meeting practical production requirements. These findings provide a foundation for solid waste treatment and underground engineering using seawater resources, contribute to the preparation of high-performance slurries, and facilitate green development.