Prosumer data center system construction and synergistic optimization of computing power, electricity and heat from a global perspective

•A prosumer data center integrated energy system is constructed.•A global strategy involving supply, data center, load side is proposed.•Achieve a synergistic optimization of computing power, electricity, and heat.•Renewable energy waste, operation cost, electricity consumption are all reduced. In the context of achieving carbon neutrality, the imperative to save energy and reduce emissions in data centers (DCs) has become paramount. Current research predominantly concentrates on internal systems of DCs, lacking the perspective of treating DCs as prosumers and subsequent global optimization, resulting in limited results. In this paper, a novel prosumer DC integrated energy system is constructed and a globally coordinated optimization strategy for the synergy of computing power, electricity, and heat is proposed. This is achieved through meticulous adjustments to the battery charge–discharge processes on the supply side, computational workloads within the DC's internal systems, and the heating temperature for waste heat utilization on the load side. The optimization objectives are centered around minimizing the renewable energy waste and operation cost. Compared to the non-optimized system, the optimized system exhibits reductions of 11.39 % in renewable energy waste, 6.96 % in operation cost, 8.89 % in grid electricity consumption, and 4.18 % in total electricity consumption. Furthermore, the strategy effectively reduces renewable energy waste and operation cost at different occupancy rates by 8.02 %–12.21 % and 6.61 %–10.44 %, respectively. Under varying battery capacities, the system demonstrates reductions in renewable energy waste and operation cost by 9.42 %–26.57 % and 6.89 %–10.70 %, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed strategy across different occupancy rates and battery capacities. The research findings further highlight the potential of globally coordinated optimization in the synergy of computing power, electricity, and heat, providing valuable insights for the sustainable development of DCs.