Entropy generation due to nanofluid flow in porous media over radiative permeable exponentially surface with nanoparticle aggregation effect

In recent years, energy scarcity has emerged as a serious problem for manufacturing since most of the power produced is lost as heat during transportation. Due to the irreversible nature of heat transfer processes, it is crucial to minimize the development of entropy during nanofluid flow and heat transmission. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to inquire entropy generation on viscous TiO2−C2H6O2 nanofluid through a permeable exponentially surface with porous media and effect that nanoparticle aggregation with thermal radiation, mixed convective stagnation point flow. The controlling partial differential equations were simplified by using an appropriate similarity transformation, resulting in a set of ordinary differential equations. After that, we used Mathematica's shooting technique and fourth order Runge-Kutta integration to get a numerical answer to these equations. The current study showed that increasing the volume percentage of nanoparticles, the porosity of the nanofluid, the mass suction, and the mixed convection parameters all led to an increase in the skin friction coefficient. The heat transfer rates increased by 6.7021% points when the suction settings were set to values between 2.0 and 2.5 and the nanoparticle volume fraction was set to 1%. The average reduction in heat transfer efficiency for the aggregation model was around 4.249% for the range of 0–1% nanoparticle volume fraction. Since aggregation models may provide more accurate velocity and skin friction profiles, they are often preferred over homogeneous models. The growing use of aggregation models may largely be attributed to their improved profile prediction accuracy. Improving Ω's values is known to lessen the onset of entropy. An increase in Ec is shown to be beneficial to the entropy inception field. Increasing the Brinkman number accelerates the entropy production rate.