Exploring the potential of green chemistry in reversed-phase liquid chromatography: A review of sustainable solvents

This article delves into the growing field of green analytical chemistry, focusing on sustainable solvents for reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP LC). RP LC is a widely applied technique in the pharmaceutical, food, and environmental analysis industries, consuming vast quantities of toxic and non-renewable solvents that pose serious environmental and health risks. In response to the urgent need for greener alternatives, this review discusses organic solvents such as ethanol, innovative options such as Cyrene and dimethyl carbonate, and surfactants in micellar liquid chromatography (MLC). In addition, the potential of pure water, ionic liquids (ILs), and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was evaluated. By analyzing the efficacy, environmental impact, and feasibility of green solvents, the review highlights their potential to replace conventional solvents, supporting safer and more sustainable analytical practices. This comprehensive and critical analysis of recent reports aims to guide future research and promote the use of green solvents in RP LC. •Alternative solvents for liquid chromatography are described.•Possibilities and advantages of using green solvents as a mobile phase are discussed.•The characteristics and applications of alternative solvents are listed.•The greenness of pH modifiers is presented.