Surgical resources in advanced thyroid cancer treatment with aerodigestive tract invasion

Despite papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) excellent prognosis, 10–15% of patients may present aggressive local behaviour. We present two cases with different aerodigestive tract invasion partners in which two reconstructions were used, out of all the surgical resources we have planned preoperatively [1-4]. Case 1: 57-year-old woman with asymmetric goitre and a 60mm nodule (Bethesda-VI). CT showed suspected involvement of aero-digestive tract. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) showed no tracheal invasion. Per oral endoscopic-US confirmed transmural oesophageal involvement. Surgery included total thyroidectomy(left recurrent laryngeal nerve was sacrificed), bilateral central and left lateral lymph node dissection, oesophageal partial resection and reconstruction with free radial flap. Case 2: 75-year-old male with cervical mass and haemoptysis. US showed a 62 mm nodule (Bethesda-VI). PET-CT showed tracheal invasion(bronchoscopy confirmatory). Per oral endoscopic-US showed no transmural oesophageal involvement. Surgery included total thyroidectomy (right recurrent laryngeal nerve was sacrificed), bilateral central lymph node dissection, tracheal resection and extra-mucosal oesophageal resection. First patient required tracheostomy. She presented a self-limiting salivary fistula. She was discharged after 6 weeks with good oral intake and tracheostomy closed. Pathology report showed multifocal papillary thyroid cancer(tall cells, 70mm),micro-metastatic lymph node involvement. Afterwards, radioiodine ablation was performed. Six months after surgery there was no evidence of structural disease and analysis showed Tg 1 μg/L. Second patient developed nosocomial pneumonia and was discharged after 3 weeks. Pathology report showed papillary thyroid cancer (insular growth, 52 mm), bilateral neck central lymph nodes involvement, transmural tracheal infiltration, free margins. Radioiodine ablation is pending. Surgical treatment of advanced/invasive PTC offers good results in terms of survival and quality of life. Adequate pre-surgical planning, which includes multiple surgical resources, and a multidisciplinary team approach are required. •10% well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients may present aggressive local behaviour.•Most frequent neck structures involved are trachea and oesophagus.•Surgical treatment, as major tracheal/oesophageal resections, offers good results.•A wide range of techniques must be mastered to deal with different invasion scenarios.•Adequate pre-surgi