Transforming urban landscapes: The societal impact of small urban green spaces in Tehran, Iran

Urban areas around the world grapple with the issue of derelict and abandoned spaces (DAS). This study, set in Tehran, Iran, delves into the potential of these spaces when transformed into Small Urban Green Spaces (SUGS). Through a comprehensive approach involving Electroencephalogram (EEG) and psychological assessments, the study examines the impact of SUGS on the psychological well-being of urban residents. Results reveal distinct physiological and emotional responses to these green spaces, indicating their significant role in enhancing mental health and societal welfare. The findings demonstrate the value of incorporating SUGS in urban planning, providing critical insights for sustainable urban development and the revitalization of cities: (1) Various kinds of leftover spaces evoked unique physiological reactions and preferences in the participants; (2) Proactive efforts to transform spaces present a practical approach for growing populations; (3) Observing SUGS resulted in significant alterations in gamma wave power, indicating a robust connection between empathy and gamma activity; (4) Participants experienced considerable improvements in feelings of comfort, relaxation, and perceptions of color, beauty, appeal, cheerfulness, as well as overall mood states.