The nano aperture in optical regime for bio-sensing, metasurface, and energy harvesting application: Technical review

Nano-apertures are known as interesting structures for biomedical sensing, spectroscopy, optical imaging, and electrical field manipulating. Recently, different shapes of these nanoapertures simulated based on full-wave time methods like FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) or FIT (Finite Integration Technique) for improving the electrical field, obtaining multi-band characteristic and polarization independence. In addition, researches show the importance of Graphene and nanoparticles for amending the nanoaperture. So, this paper discusses various topologies and arrangements of the nanoapertures and their application for biosensing in the mid-infra-red spectrum. Moreover, the background physics of the nanoaperture is considered as a basic factor for describing the elements' effect and their interactions. The fabrication processes of the nanoaperture and measurement techniques are described. Obviously, the shape of the aperture is a considerable factor for achieving multi-band features and designing a polarizer for converting the linear to circular polarization. Thus, these Nano-apertures have considered as the metasurface and chiral structure. [Display omitted]