Fuzzy based virtual inertia emulation in a multi-area wind penetrated power system using adaptive predictive control based flywheel storage

The concept of virtual synchronous generator (VSG), which imitates the behaviour of a real synchronous generator, is considered as a solution for lack of inertia caused due to integration of renewable sources. Unlike most of the existing VSG techniques, which are based on the idea of infinite energy, this paper takes into consideration the energy level of energy storage. This paper proposes a fuzzy based VSG topology to adjust VSG parameters according to the magnitude of perturbation while addressing the constraints on key operational parameters of energy storage. The proposed fuzzy logic controller (FLC) provides set point to an adaptive predictive controller, which in turn provides reference power command to energy storage. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed so that flywheel energy storage system (FESS) tracks any random reference signal. To facilitate VSG operation while addressing operational limits, adaptive predictive controller for FESS is implemented. The FESS speed and converter power rating constraints are directly stated in the supervisory controller development, which are mostly included in an ad hoc way. For various disturbances, the efficacy of the controller is validated in MATLAB/Simulink as well as in real-time by means of the OPAL-RT (OP4510) device. The real-time simulations validate the superior performance of the proposed VSG technique.