Sustainable solution for wastewater management: Fabrication of cost-effective β-cyclodextrin incorporated chitosan polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogel film for the efficient adsorption of anionic congo red and tartrazine dyes

[Display omitted] •β-CD/Ch/PVA hydrogel film has been developed for efficient removal of CR & TG dyes.•Langmuir and the pseudo-second-order model well describe the adsorption process.•Qmax was found to be 366.34 mg/g and 1436.04 mg/g for CR and TG dyes, respectively.•Hydrogels can be reusable upto 5 cycles with slight decrease in removal efficiency. Dyes are an integral part of leather, textiles, food, and packaging materials, providing aesthetic appeal to the finished article. These industries use large amounts of water, creating wastewater with harmful, toxic, and hazardous pollutants, posing significant health and environmental risks to the public and ecological system. Therefore, to resolve this issue, a superabsorbent β-cyclodextrin incorporated chitosan polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked with citric acid composite hydrogel film (β-CD/Ch/PVA) has been developed for the effective adsorption of congo red (CR) and tartrazine dyes (TG). The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of –OH, –NH2 functional groups in hydrogel film. The rough surface morphology was obtained through Field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) analysis. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method gave the surface area of hydrogel, which is 17.34 m2/g with pore diameter of 4.12 nm, indicating its mesoporous nature. Adsorption parameters like contact time, temperature, pH, initial concentration of dyes, and dosage of hydrogel have been optimized by batch adsorption studies and the Box-Behknen Design Model. In batch experiments, the hydrogel film effectiveness was confirmed, achieving high removal efficiencies of 95.38 % and 96.3 % for CR and TG dyes at pH 7 and 6, respectively. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir model at room temperature for both dyes, and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 366.34 mg/g, 1436.04 mg/g for CR and TG dyes, respectively. The thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption of dyes was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the hydrogel and dye molecules were responsible for the adsorption. This hydrogel film can be reused for 5 consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles for both dyes, maintaining upto 85 % in removal efficiency. Hence, the synthesized β-cyclodextrin incorporated chitosan polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogel film holds great potential for the remediation of wastewater effluents and addres