Field-Assisted liquid chromatography for enhanced separation and Purification: A comprehensive review

[Display omitted] Liquid chromatography (LC) has shown promise for the separation and enrichment of high-purity molecules owing to its green and low-carbon economic advantages. The integration of process intensification into established separation and purification processes can provide significant benefits owing to its ease of control, time-saving, and efficient characteristics. Therefore, the utilization of external field for high-efficiency separation has attracted much interests. This review critically discusses field-assisted liquid chromatography (FALC) in terms of the fundamental concepts, applications and challenges. The interaction mechanisms of the three fundamental elements and six external fields were summarized. Particularly, the promising strategy of external energy input for enhanced separation and purification were discussed. This comprehensive review provides a solid basis to facilitate the optimization and future development of FALC, and the possibilities and trends proposed in this review to address some of the current challenges in FALC.