Mammographic parameters and endogenous hormones association in postmenopausal women

To examine the association between endogenous hormones with mammographic breast density, glandular volume, and breast volume in postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional study among 363 postmenopausal women not using menopausal hormonal treatment. The following data were collected: age, age at menopause, smoking status, body mass index, adiposity, and physical activity. Plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), ∆4 androstenedione, cortisol, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were evaluated. Directed acyclic graph was used for the selection of potential confounding variables, and the linear regression was adjusted for confounders to study the association between endogenous hormones and mammographic parameters. Results are reported as β-coefficients (β) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for confounding variables showed that cortisol (β = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.02; 0.37), and ∆4 androstenedione (β = −1.90; 95% CI: −3.30, −0.39) were significantly associated with breast density. IGF-1 (β = −0.01; 95% CI: −0.20, −0.01) was the only hormone with significant association with glandular volume. No relationship was found between the studied hormones and breast volume. Higher cortisol and lower ∆4 androstenedione levels are associated with higher breast density, and higher IGF-1 levels are associated with lower glandular volume in postmenopausal women. Examinar la asociación entre las hormonas endógenas con la densidad mamaria mamográfica, el volumen glandular y el volumen mamario en mujeres postmenopáusicas. Estudio transversal entre 363 mujeres postmenopáusicas que no utilizan tratamiento hormonal dela menopáusia. Se recogieron los siguientes datos: edad, edad de la menopausia, tabaquismo, índice de masa corporal, adiposidad y actividad física. Se evaluaron los niveles plasmáticos de hormona folíciloestimulante, estradiol, testosterona, sulfato de dehidroepiandrosterona (DHEAS), ∆4 androstenediona, cortisol, factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina-1 (IGF-1) y 25-hidroxivitamina D. Se utilizó un gráfico acíclico dirigido para la selección de posibles variables de confusión y la regresión lineal se ajustó con los factores de confusión para estudiar la asociación entre hormonas endógenas y los parámetros mamográficos. Los resultados se informan como coeficientes-β (β) e intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC del 95%). El análisi