A new energy management scheme for electric vehicles microgrids concerning demand response and reduced emission

Recently, power system management and operation have transformed due to the restructuring and creation of the smart grids. This paper proposes an optimal management system for microgrids, including distributed generations and electric vehicles, to decrease operational costs and environmental emissions. In the proposed system, the performance of electric vehicles in both gasoline and electric modes is considered. Moreover, their response and involvement in energy management and their effect on cost and emission have been investigated. The total cost of generated power and battery life reduction in electric vehicles is considered an influential and limiting factor in the proposed structure. The proposed design is simulated on a sample grid in two different modes, with and without considering demand response. Each mode includes five different scenarios. Simulation results show that the optimal management of electric vehicles and distributed generations would reduce generation costs and emissions. Using demand response in the examined grid has also reduced the total cost by about 6%. The maximum and minimum cost reductions were about 8% and 3%, respectively. CO2 and NOx generation rates were decreased by 74% and 93%, respectively. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method could reduce costs and environmental pollutants.