Low-carbon economic dispatch strategy for interconnected multi-energy microgrids considering carbon emission accounting and profit allocation

•A carbon emission accounting model considering energy-carbon coupling is constructed.•A framework for energy trading based on the Nash-Harsanyi bargaining game is built.•A profit allocation scheme considering the comprehensive contribution is proposed.•The proposed method generates economic gain of $ 1376.44 and 12.60 t carbon savings. Peer-to-peer energy trading among multi-energy microgrids is a promising pathway to improve energy efficiency, reduce carbon emissions, combat climate change, and promote sustainable development. This study proposes a multi-energy trading strategy for multi-energy microgrids that considers carbon tax policies to boost the low-carbon management of multi-energy microgrid clusters. First, a carbon emission accounting model with energy-carbon coupling is constructed to clarify the carbon emission transfer generated by energy transactions among multiple agents and to achieve accurate accounting of carbon emissions from each multi-energy microgrid. Second, the Nash-Harsanyi bargaining game theory is used to establish an energy trading alliance for multi-energy microgrid clusters. A profit allocation mechanism is designed to reflect the marginal contribution of each player to the economic and environmental effectiveness of the alliance. Finally, different carbon emission accounting methods and profit allocation mechanisms are compared. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the carbon emissions accounting model and the proposed energy trading strategy. The low-carbon scheduling framework among the multi-energy microgrids generated an economic gain of $ 1376.44 and 12.60 t carbon savings. [Display omitted]