Fate and removal of iodinated X-ray contrast media in membrane bioreactor: Microbial dynamics and effects of different operational parameters

Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) are mainly used in medical sector, and their presence in environmental waters is a cause of concern as they are capable of forming highly toxic iodinated disinfection byproducts. In the present study, the removal mechanisms of the three ICM- iohexol, iopromide, a...

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Veröffentlicht in:	The Science of the total environment 2023-04, Vol.869, p.161827, Article 161827
Hauptverfasser:	Sengar, Ashish, Vijayanandan, Arya
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Biodegradation Bioreactors Contrast Media - analysis Emerging contaminants Humans Iodinated X-ray contrast media Iohexol Iopamidol Kinetics Membrane bioreactor Microbial community Pharmaceuticals Waste Disposal, Fluid Water Purification X-Rays
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Zusammenfassung:	Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) are mainly used in medical sector, and their presence in environmental waters is a cause of concern as they are capable of forming highly toxic iodinated disinfection byproducts. In the present study, the removal mechanisms of the three ICM- iohexol, iopromide, and iopamidol were elucidated in a lab-scale aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR). At steady-state operation (solids retention time (SRT)- 70 days, organic loading rate (OLR)- 0.80 KgCOD/m3-day, nitrogen loading rate (NLR)- 0.08 KgNH4-N/m3-day, hydraulic retention time (HRT)- 12 h), the average removal of iohexol and iopromide was found to be 34.9 and 45.2 %, respectively, whereas iopamidol proved to be highly recalcitrant in aerobic conditions of the MBR (removal
ISSN:	0048-9697 1879-1026
DOI:	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161827