Bioactive compounds of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) according to the production system: A review

•Abiotic stress produces changes in the metabolome of purslane.•Adverse salinity conditions lead to a higher concentration of functional metabolites.•Low fertilization levels in field or hydroponics stimulate the production of nutraceutical compounds in purslane.•Metabolomics techniques based on 1H NMR have helped to elucidate the metabolome of purslane under stress growth conditions. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is an herbaceous plant consumed in Italy, the United Kingdom, Spain, Greece, Turkey, Iran, Malaysia, the Philippines, China, North Africa, Australia, the United States, Brazil, and Mexico. Purslane contains nutraceutical compounds that can be potentiated based on biotic and abiotic stress practices. It provides substantial contributions of minerals, polysaccharides, fatty acids, proteins, alkaloids, terpenoids, sterols, phenols, flavonoids, and vitamins, which together or individually provide neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, anticancer, and anticholinesterase properties. The preference for foods with high nutraceutical value, which provide benefits to human health and contribute to the prevention of diseases, mainly chronic-degenerative diseases, is increasing. In this review, the information regarding the effects of crop management on the chemical composition, medicinal effects, and new functional compounds with techniques based on metabolomics is updated. Under adverse edaphoclimatic conditions, an increase in nutraceutical compounds has been observed, which represents a production alternative given its nutritional and commercial value. Metabolomics techniques based on 1H NMR have helped elucidate the metabolome of purslane under specific growth conditions (stress, hydroponics, open field, and controlled), with reports of new compounds from the groups of lignans, flavonoids, homoisoflavonoids, homoisoflavones, amide glycosides, alkaloids, amide and isoindole alkaloids, and phenolic alkaloids such as oleraceins; this has broadened the potential food and medicinal panorama of this plant. [Display omitted]