Review on anaerobic digestion models: Model classification & elaboration of process phenomena

Biogas is a well-established renewable energy source produced from anaerobic digestion (AD) of biomass/feedstock. It is probably the most versatile and efficient biofuel in terms of utilisable feedstocks and energy applications. To monitor, optimise, and control anaerobic digestion (AD), numerous mathematical models describing AD have been developed and reported. Although literature on the use of these models and their reviews have been published, their differences have not been collectively analysed and no generalised classification criteria for these models has been proposed based on such an analysis. This review covers most reported AD models, from the simplest linear equation capturing biogas production rate to complex Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1. In addition to model classification and biochemical stages in AD, other processes like feedstock hydrolysis or mass and heat transfer essential to AD were discussed, analysed, and available models on them reviewed. This collective and comprehensive review approach has been undertaken to enable the evaluation of the interdependence of all processes, process factors, and process estimations and their individual, and interactive effects on AD. •Models of anaerobic digestion (AD) for efficient biogas production are reviewed.•Review facilitates evaluation of interdependence of all processes involved in AD.•Single-equation models are suitable for basic simulation and control.•Complex models are advantageous when AD process is sensitive to intermediates.•Further research in AD modelling should put more focus on the effect of stirring.