Experimental study of a concentrating solar spectrum splitting system for hybrid solar energy conversion

Spectral beam-splitting represents a potential approach to enhance energy conversion in solar concentrating systems. This study introduces a novel hybrid solar concentrator system, comprising a dish reflector with a two-axis tracking system and an affordable optical linear system that divides the concentrated solar beam into distinct visible spectral bands. Experimental investigations were conducted, encompassing an optical analysis of the splitter system and an assessment of photovoltaic and thermal power generation from the prototype throughout a day with solar tracking. Results indicate that the splitter system achieved a transmissivity of 76 % within the 400–800 nm range with clear separation between spectral bands, demonstrating system reliability. Spectral band dimensions remained relatively constant throughout the day, with widths of 0.460 cm, 0.550 cm, and 0.700 cm for red, blue, and yellow bands, respectively. The photovoltaic cell exposed to the yellow band exhibited the highest power and current intensities, with power densities of 15 mW/cm2 at noon, compared to 12 mW/cm2 for the blue and 5 mW/cm2 for the red bands. The system also recovered thermal power, reaching a maximum of 190 W around noon. The paper discusses suitable photovoltaic cell types for each band color and explores opportunities for improved efficiency and large-scale implementation.