Feasibility study on bio-heavy fuel as an alternative for marine fuel

Bio-heavy fuels are considered suitable as environmentally friendly, carbon-neutral alternative fuels. To verify whether bio-marine oil blended with biofuel oil can be used in ships, this study confirmed the effects of bio-marine oil on engine performance, durability, and emissions through three shore-based tests. Subsequent 10-day tests onboard an operating commercial vessel confirmed the feasibility of long-term use and compatibility with onboard ship equipment. The shore-based tests comparing bio-marine oil and the fuel tested by engine manufacturers revealed no differences in engine performance and durability. When bio-marine oil was used, CO₂ emissions decreased by 16 % (well-to-wake) compared with those for the reference fuel. However, NOₓ emissions increased by 17 %; the fuel injection timing was adjusted to meet the International Maritime Organization emission regulations, decreasing the NOₓ emissions by 13 %. The onboard test results revealed no anomalies during storage and purification using the ship's facilities. When the fuel was transferred at a temperature of less than 50 °C, the particle filter installed on the vessel was clogged. No particular problems were observed during the continuous engine operation for 9 days. A comparison of the engine performance before and after using this fuel confirmed that the engine performance remained unchanged.